各向异性扩散在电磁测深曲线平滑中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

严家斌  刘贵忠 《地球物理学进展》2006,21(4):1208-1212

电磁类地球物理方法由于极易受到各类噪声的干扰，使得估计的视电阻率曲线或相位曲线发生畸变，严重地影响了反演解译精度，如何对这类观测曲线进行合理有效地平滑，是目前数据处理中的重点，也是难点.本文把各向异性扩散（anisotropic diffusion AD）引入到曲线平滑中，提出了各向异性扩散的曲线平滑方法，以平滑点梯度值的降函数作为扩散速度，在梯度较大的位置予以较小的扩散速度以保护特征，在梯度较小的位置予以较大的扩散速度平滑噪声引起的扰动.同时为了减小“飞点”(outliers)对平滑的干扰，采用局部单调扩散进行预处理.实验结果显示，本文提出的平滑方法有效地平滑了噪声与“飞点”的干扰，恢复了曲线的基本形态，有效地保持了曲线基本特征.  相似文献   

基于构造约束的波阻抗边界刻画          下载免费PDF全文

张宏兵  杨长春  尚作萍 《地球物理学进展》2007,22(3):817-825

通过边界保护正则化和约束反演，在反演的目标函数中引入各种先验信息约束，以解决波阻抗反演的病态问题和带限问题.为了克服波阻抗模型边界过于平滑，在反演中引入地层和断层等构造信息约束，并且通过调整地层分界面和断层处的正则参数值来实现构造约束.此外，采用各向异性扩散法进行平滑处理，改善反演结果.通过合成数据测试和实际资料反演，证明了本文提出的方法对刻画模型边界是有效的.  相似文献   

Importance of advective zone in longitudinal mixing experiments     

James Shucksmith  Joby Boxall  Ian Guymer 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(1):95-103

One-dimensional Fickian dispersion models such as the advection diffusion equation (ADE) are commonly used to analyse and predict concentration distributions downstream of contamination events in watercourses. Such models are only valid once the tracer had entered the equilibrium zone. This paper compares previous theoretical, experimental and numerical estimates of the distance to reach the equilibrium zone with new experimental values, obtained by examining the change of skewness in a tracer profile, downstream of a cross-sectionally well mixed source. Closer agreement was found with Fischers’ theoretical estimate than prior experimental and numerical studies.  相似文献   

A filtering approach for estimating lake water quality from remote sensing data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2007,9(1):50-64

In this paper we consider the estimation of lake water quality constituent distributions from hyperspectral remote sensing data. We present a computational approach that can be used to assimilate information from mathematical evolution models into data processing. The method is based on a reduced order iterated extended Kalman filter, and a convection–diffusion model is used to describe the movement of the water quality constituents. The performance of the technique is evaluated in a simulation study. The results show that the filter approach with an appropriate evolution model yields estimates that have better spatial and temporal resolutions than those obtained with conventional methods. Furthermore, the use of a feasible evolution model may make it possible to obtain information also on the concentrations in the lower parts of the lake.  相似文献   

复杂地形城市冬季边界层气溶胶扩散和分布模拟   总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1  

郑飞  张镭  朱江  王慧 《高原气象》2007,26(3):532-540

着眼于城市冬季气溶胶扩散特征问题,针对地形复杂的兰州市及周边地区,开发了WRF模式,使之与包含了大气气溶胶辐射效应和气溶胶粒子扩散的综合大气边界层数值模式嵌套,以模拟城市冬季边界层气溶胶的扩散和分布规律。通过一个个例的模拟结果分析,揭示了兰州冬季气溶胶的扩散分布的如下特征;市区盆地内100 m以下存在东、西两个浓度高值中心,中心值为0.6~3.0 mg.m-3,往上浓度递减,1000 m高度处仅为0.02 mg.m-3。受排放源强、源高、气象场等因素的共同影响,白天盆地内气溶胶浓度随高度和时间的变化强烈,白天浓度随时间最大变化幅度为1.0 mg.m-3。气溶胶输送扩散高度可达到600~800 m,此高度以上浓度值很小。代表性测点上模拟的气溶胶浓度廓线表明,中午浓度达到最高,垂直扩散最强。这些结果与以往的烟雾层高度观测和气溶胶光学厚度观测结果吻合。夜间,盆地内气溶胶浓度随高度和时间的变化减弱,气溶胶输送扩散高度在400~500m,夜间浓度随时间变化平均幅度为0.05 mg.m-3。  相似文献   

利用非线性扩散的半自动纹理图像分割     

张煜  谭德宝 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2007,32(4):301-304

介绍了一种非线性扩散过滤器法从包含纹理的图像中获取灰度、尺度和方向信息，并形成经过耦合保边平滑的5通道向量值图像，对纹理图像的分割变为对此向量值图像的分割。针对半自动操作的特点，在合理的假设前提下，采用了多通道统计区域分割法。试验结果表明，本文的纹理分割方法能有效地利用重要纹理特征与灰度的混合信息，是一种半自动的无监督纹理图像分割方法。  相似文献   

Disc structure around strongly magnetic accretors: a full disc solution with buoyancy diffusivity     

C. G. Campbell  & P. M. Heptinstall 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,301(2):558-568

A full numerical solution is found for the effect of a strongly magnetic star on its accretion disc, for the case of magnetic buoyancy diffusion. As in the previously considered case of turbulent diffusion, the disc becomes disrupted when magnetic and viscous stresses become comparable. A magnetically induced temperature elevation leads to electron scattering opacity and radiation pressure becoming significant far from the stellar surface, with consequent viscous instability and vertical disruption of the disc. This, together with the previous turbulent case, suggests that such a disruption mechanism owing to strongly magnetic accretors is generally operable.  相似文献   

The Locations of Wal-Mart and Kmart Supercenters: Contrasting Corporate Strategies     

Thomas O. Graff 《The Professional geographer》1998,50(1):46-57

Wal-Mart and Kmart, the two largest American discount retailers, have begun to utilize a supercenter retailing format that combines a full-service grocery store with a discount department store. Supercenters are expected to be the major format for future expansion of each of these firms. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the spatial expansion strategies of each firm for the locations of its supercenters. Wal-Mart is quickly expanding its number of supercenters in modest-sized communities clustered around its grocery distribution centers, especially in Southern states. Conversely, most Super Kmart Centers are located inthe suburbs of widely scattered major metropolitan markets, and Kmart has yet to develop a grocery distribution network. Kmart currently has major financial problems that severely restrict the expansion of the Super Kmart Center format.  相似文献   

徐州市大气环境质量演化规律分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周东来 《地质灾害与环境保护》1998,9(3):50-55

通过几年来对徐州市大气中二氧化硫,氮氧化物,总悬浮微粒,降尘,硫酸盐化速率等几种主要污染物演化规律的分析,阐述本区大气污染物的来源,并对大气环境质量作出初步评价,论证本区大气环境污染特征及演化趋势,为今后大气环境质量管理提供科学依据。  相似文献   

辽东湾东海岸地区热内边界层特性研究     

杨洪斌  刘万军 《气象》1998,24(8):42-43

利用辽东湾东海岸三个低空探测点的实测资料计算了各低空探测点的热内边界层平均高度,并将观测值与用经验公式得到的估算值进行了比较,给出了可用于这一地区的计算公式。  相似文献